![]() For those remaining in active employment : lost time from work cost the individual an average of $880 per annum and lifetime losses of $7,365 amounting to $596,000 for the cohort. The annual cost of healthcare utilisation per individual was estimated to be $2,364. Quality of life declined with severity of illness. ![]() 75% of the cohort reported at least one comorbid condition. ResultsĦ4% had either moderate or severe COPD, although this varied by country. Disease severity was measured using the 5-point MRC dyspnoea scale as a surrogate measure. The survey included items from the validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale and the EuroQoL 5 Dimension scale. Inclusion criteria were a recalled physician diagnosis of COPD, a smoking history of > 10 pack years and the use of COPD medications in the previous 3 months prior to questioning. 2426 participants aged 45-67 recruited via a number of recruitment methods specific to each country completed the full survey. MethodsĪ cross-country cross-sectional survey methodology was utilised to answer the research questions. ![]() The aim of this study was to investigate the wider personal, economic and societal burden of COPD on a cross country working-age cohort. The burden of disease is known to be high, though less is known about those of a younger age. Approximately 210 million people are estimated to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease worldwide.
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